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An increase in nominal GDP increases the demand for money because:


A) interest rates will rise.
B) more money is needed to finance a larger volume of transactions.
C) bond prices will fall.
D) the opportunity cost of holding money will decline.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements is correct?


A) Interest rates and bond prices vary directly.
B) Interest rates and bond prices vary inversely.
C) Interest rates and bond prices are unrelated.
D) Interest rates and bond prices vary directly during inflations and inversely during recessions.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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A restrictive monetary policy in Canada is most likely to:


A) depreciate the international value of the dollar and increase Canadian net exports.
B) depreciate the international value of the dollar and decrease Canadian net exports.
C) appreciate the international value of the dollar and increase Canadian net exports.
D) appreciate the international value of the dollar and decrease Canadian net exports.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A disequilibrium in the market for money is mainly corrected via a change in:


A) bond prices.
B) the price level.
C) saving levels.
D) the money supply.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is correct?


A) The asset demand for money is downward sloping because the opportunity cost of holding money declines as the interest rate rises.
B) The asset demand for money is downward sloping because the opportunity cost of holding money increases as the interest rate rises.
C) The transactions demand for money is downward sloping because the opportunity cost of holding money varies inversely with the interest rate.
D) The asset demand for money is downward sloping because bond prices and the interest rate are directly related.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Refer to the graphs below.The first graph shows the money market of an economy, and the second graph shows the market for goods and services in the economy. Refer to the graphs below.The first graph shows the money market of an economy, and the second graph shows the market for goods and services in the economy.     In the above diagrams, the numbers in the parentheses after the AD<sub>1</sub>, AD<sub>2</sub>, and AD<sub>3</sub> labels indicate the levels of investment spending associated with each AD curve.All figures are in billions.Q<sub>f</sub> is the full-employment level of real output.The interest rate in the economy is 4 percent.Which of the following should the monetary authorities do to achieve a non-inflationary full-employment level of real GDP? A) They should increase the money supply from $75 billion to $225 billion. B) They should decrease the money supply by $150 billion. C) They should decrease the money supply from $225 billion to $150 billion. D) They should increase the money supply by $200 billion. Refer to the graphs below.The first graph shows the money market of an economy, and the second graph shows the market for goods and services in the economy.     In the above diagrams, the numbers in the parentheses after the AD<sub>1</sub>, AD<sub>2</sub>, and AD<sub>3</sub> labels indicate the levels of investment spending associated with each AD curve.All figures are in billions.Q<sub>f</sub> is the full-employment level of real output.The interest rate in the economy is 4 percent.Which of the following should the monetary authorities do to achieve a non-inflationary full-employment level of real GDP? A) They should increase the money supply from $75 billion to $225 billion. B) They should decrease the money supply by $150 billion. C) They should decrease the money supply from $225 billion to $150 billion. D) They should increase the money supply by $200 billion. In the above diagrams, the numbers in the parentheses after the AD1, AD2, and AD3 labels indicate the levels of investment spending associated with each AD curve.All figures are in billions.Qf is the full-employment level of real output.The interest rate in the economy is 4 percent.Which of the following should the monetary authorities do to achieve a non-inflationary full-employment level of real GDP?


A) They should increase the money supply from $75 billion to $225 billion.
B) They should decrease the money supply by $150 billion.
C) They should decrease the money supply from $225 billion to $150 billion.
D) They should increase the money supply by $200 billion.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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An expansionary monetary policy may be more effective than a restrictive monetary policy because chartered banks may decide to hold a large quantity of excess reserves.

A) True
B) False

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In which of the following instances can we be certain that the quantity of money demanded by the public will decrease?


A) nominal GDP decreases and the interest rate decreases
B) nominal GDP increases and the interest rate decreases
C) nominal GDP decreases and the interest rate increases
D) nominal GDP increases and the interest rate increases

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements is not correct?


A) Given the supply of money, a decline in the demand for money will tend to reduce the equilibrium GDP.
B) Given the supply of money, the equilibrium interest rate will vary directly with the level of money GDP.
C) Given the demand for money, the equilibrium interest rate will vary inversely with the supply of money.
D) Given the supply of money, the equilibrium interest rate will vary directly with the demand for money.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Assume that a single chartered bank has no excess reserves and that the desired reserve ratio is 20 percent.If this bank sells a bond for $1,000 to the Bank of Canada, it can expand its loans by a maximum of:


A) $1000
B) $2000
C) $200
D) $800

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The most important day-to-day monetary instrument that the Bank of Canada uses to achieve the desired interest rate and therefore the price stability is:


A) open-market operations.
B) the bank rate.
C) the government expenditure.
D) the prime interest rate.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Because of the liquidity trap, the Bank of Canada's creation of billions of dollars in excess reserves during the great recession had little or no effect on lending by the chartered banks.

A) True
B) False

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It is assumed that households and businesses want to hold for transactions purposes an amount of money equal to one-half of the GDP.The table shows the amounts of money that households and businesses want to hold as an asset at various interest rates. It is assumed that households and businesses want to hold for transactions purposes an amount of money equal to one-half of the GDP.The table shows the amounts of money that households and businesses want to hold as an asset at various interest rates.   Refer to the information above.If the GDP is $200 and the interest rate is 6, what total amount of money will households and businesses want to hold? A) $120 B) $140 C) $160 D) $180 Refer to the information above.If the GDP is $200 and the interest rate is 6, what total amount of money will households and businesses want to hold?


A) $120
B) $140
C) $160
D) $180

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Net exports would most likely decrease when there is a(n) :


A) expansionary monetary policy or a contractionary fiscal policy.
B) restrictive monetary policy or a contractionary fiscal policy.
C) expansionary monetary policy or an expansionary fiscal policy.
D) restrictive monetary policy or an expansionary fiscal policy.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Monetary policy is thought to be:


A) equally effective in moving the economy out of a recession as in controlling inflation.
B) more effective in moving the economy out of a recession than in controlling inflation.
C) only effective in moving the economy out of a recession.
D) more effective in controlling inflation than in moving the economy out of a recession.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Under some conditions, proper domestic monetary policy may be at odds with the goal of correcting a trade imbalance because:


A) changes in the domestic interest rate cause changes in domestic investment spending.
B) changes in the domestic interest rate tend to cause changes in the international value of the dollar.
C) the domestic interest rate varies inversely with the value of the dollar.
D) changes in the interest rate cause changes in domestic saving.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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  Refer to the above market for money diagram.Given D<sub>m</sub> and S<sub>m</sub>, an interest rate of i<sub>3</sub> is not sustainable because: A) the supply of bonds in the bond market will decline and the interest rate will rise. B) the supply of bonds in the bond market will increase and the interest rate will decline. C) the demand for bonds in the bond market will decline and the interest rate will rise. D) the demand for bonds in the bond market will rise and the interest rate will fall. Refer to the above market for money diagram.Given Dm and Sm, an interest rate of i3 is not sustainable because:


A) the supply of bonds in the bond market will decline and the interest rate will rise.
B) the supply of bonds in the bond market will increase and the interest rate will decline.
C) the demand for bonds in the bond market will decline and the interest rate will rise.
D) the demand for bonds in the bond market will rise and the interest rate will fall.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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The asset demand for money:


A) is unrelated to both the interest rate and the level of GDP.
B) varies inversely with the rate of interest.
C) varies inversely with the level of real GDP.
D) varies directly with the level of nominal GDP.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The largest single liability of the Bank of Canada is its outstanding advances to chartered banks.

A) True
B) False

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If the money GDP is $600 billion and, on the average, each dollar is spent three times per year, then the amount of money demanded for transactions purposes:


A) will be $1800 billion.
B) will be $600 billion.
C) will be $200 billion.
D) cannot be determined from the information given.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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