Question 1

Which of the following are common early signs of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Paralysis of the lower body, impaired cognitive function
B)   Areas of numbness, weakness in the legs, visual problems
C)   Sensory deficit in the legs and trunk, memory loss, urinary incontinence
D)   Tremors, speech impairment, hearing lossE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

In many types of encephalitis, such as St. Louis encephalitis, how are the viruses transmitted?

Accepted Answer

A)   Carriers
B)   Mosquito and tick bites
C)   Respiratory droplet
D)   Septic emboli in the circulationE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

What does the clonic stage of a seizure consist of?

Accepted Answer

A)   A sudden strong skeletal muscle contraction and rigidity of trunk and limbs
B)   A cry and contraction of abdominal and thoracic muscles
C)   Alternating contractions and relaxation of skeletal muscles
D)   Cessation of all skeletal muscle activityE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Collateral circulation is most likely to be present when a CVA results from:

Accepted Answer

A)   rupture of a cerebral artery.
B)   an embolus.
C)   atherosclerosis.
D)   vasospasm in the cerebral circulation.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Which of the following characteristics indicates that the CSF is normal?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cloudy and pale yellow color
B)   Presence of erythrocytes
C)   Presence of numerous leukocytes
D)   Clear and colorless fluidE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Common manifestations of rabies infection include:

Accepted Answer

A)   headache, foaming at the mouth, and difficulty swallowing.
B)   difficulty walking and coordinating movements.
C)   decreased sensitivity to sound and touch.
D)   vomiting, liver and kidney damage.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Which statement does NOT apply to the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Demyelination of axons
B)   It affects the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
C)   It affects motor, sensory, and autonomic fibers
D)   Progressive random degeneration of peripheral nervesE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Why are focal or generalized seizures sometimes an early indication of a brain tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)   Surrounding inflammation stimulates neurons to discharge spontaneously.
B)   Malignant tumors cause alkalosis, exciting the CNS.
C)   Systemic effects of the brain tumor may cause seizures.
D)   Metabolic effects of cancer change blood chemistry to trigger seizures.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

The primary reason for seizures frequently occurring with head injuries is:

Accepted Answer

A)   presence of blood irritates the neurons.
B)   otorrhea or rhinorrhea changes intracranial pressure.
C)   inflammatory response causes general hypoxia.
D)   CNS is depressed.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Failure of the spinous processes to fuse, but without herniation of the meninges, is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   spina bifida occulta.
B)   meningocele.
C)   myelomeningocele.
D)   encephalocele.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

All of the following may precipitate a seizure EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   hypoglycemia.
B)   hypoventilation.
C)   brain abscess.
D)   high fever in young child.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Herpes zoster can be identified by a typical:

Accepted Answer

A)   unilateral rash and pain along a cranial nerve or dermatome.
B)   weakness and muscle atrophy in the legs.
C)   ascending paralysis commencing in the legs.
D)   skeletal muscle spasms in the face and neck.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Which of the following impairments results from infection by the polio virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pain and paresthesia in a cranial nerve or dermatome
B)   Loss of motor and sensory function in the peripheral nerves
C)   Inflammation and increased intracranial pressure
D)   Loss of function of motor neurons of the spinal cord and medullaE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 14

With regard to meningitis, choose the correct combination of microbe and the age group commonly affected.

Accepted Answer

A)   E. coli: elderly
B)   H. influenzae: neonate
C)   N. meningitides: children and youth
D)   S. pneumoniae: young childrenE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of the following dietary supplements has reduced the incidence of spina bifida in recent years?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vitamin B6
B)   Folic acid
C)   Vitamins A and D
D)   Zinc and magnesiumE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Which of the following applies to Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Usually develops in men and women over 60 years of age.
B)   There is no apparent genetic component.
C)   The majority of cases are predisposed by intake of antipsychotic medications.
D)   It rarely develops in women.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Secondary brain tumors usually arise from:

Accepted Answer

A)   severe head trauma.
B)   metastasized breast or lung tumors.
C)   exposure to carcinogenic agents.
D)   exposure to radiation.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

In cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome, what does the pathophysiology include?

Accepted Answer

A)   Damage and loss of function in the motor neurons of the spinal cord and medulla
B)   Encephalopathy, with disorientation, headache, and coma
C)   Infection and inflammation of the motor cortex
D)   Inflammation and demyelination of peripheral nerves, leading to ascending paralysisE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

What is the probable source of an embolus causing a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Right ventricle of the heart
B)   Femoral vein
C)   Common carotid artery
D)   Pulmonary arteryE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

In the weeks following CVA, why might some neurological function return?
1)  Presence of collateral circulation
2)  Immediate therapy to dissolve thrombi and maintain perfusion
3)  Reduced inflammation in the area
4)  Development of alternative neuronal pathways

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only
B)  2 only
C)  1, 3
D)  2, 3, 4
E)  1, 2, 3, 4F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Exam 14: Neurological Disorders

In cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome, what does the pathophysiology include?

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With regard to meningitis, choose the correct combination of microbe and the age group commonly affected.

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All of the following may precipitate a seizure EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Common manifestations of rabies infection include:

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Which of the following characteristics indicates that the CSF is normal?

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Which of the following impairments results from infection by the polio virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following applies to Parkinson's disease?

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In many types of encephalitis, such as St. Louis encephalitis, how are the viruses transmitted?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does the clonic stage of a seizure consist of?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the weeks following CVA, why might some neurological function return? 1) Presence of collateral circulation 2) Immediate therapy to dissolve thrombi and maintain perfusion 3) Reduced inflammation in the area 4) Development of alternative neuronal pathways

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Which statement does NOT apply to the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?

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Failure of the spinous processes to fuse, but without herniation of the meninges, is called:

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Which of the following are common early signs of multiple sclerosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following dietary supplements has reduced the incidence of spina bifida in recent years?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the probable source of an embolus causing a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Collateral circulation is most likely to be present when a CVA results from:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are focal or generalized seizures sometimes an early indication of a brain tumor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Herpes zoster can be identified by a typical:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary reason for seizures frequently occurring with head injuries is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Secondary brain tumors usually arise from:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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