Question 1

Adela is walking barefoot in her driveway and steps on a sharp rock. She exclaims in pain and lifts her foot away from the rock. Which somatic reflex is involved in this movement?

Accepted Answer

A)   crossed extensor
B)   flexor
C)   stretch
D)   tendonE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Which part of the brain most directly controls the execution of a movement?

Accepted Answer

A)   basal nuclei
B)   cerebellum
C)   premotor cortex
D)   primary motor cortexE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function the basal nuclei play in controlling body movements?

Accepted Answer

A)   regulating muscle tone
B)   sending corrective signals directly to upper motor neurons
C)   starting a movement
D)   stopping unwanted movements from occurringE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The main function of muscle spindles is to sense

Accepted Answer

A)   tension within a tendon
B)   level of referred pain
C)   changes in muscle length
D)   muscle fatigueE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

When someone has a tight muscle, for example a tight muscle on one side of the neck, passive bending toward the tight muscle (e.g., by pulling the head toward the side of the tight muscle)  can sometimes can help the muscle to relax. Which part of the stretch reflex pathway is involved in this effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   disinhibition
B)   reciprocal innervation
C)   recurrent inhibitionD) B) and C)
E) A) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following types of neuron is NOT involved or necessary in execution of a somatic reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)   local circuit neuron
B)   lower motor neuron
C)   sensory neuron
D)   upper motor neuronE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

What is the correct order for how information would travel to cause someone to start walking?

Accepted Answer

A)   basal nuclei -> thalamus -> corticospinal tract -> sensory cortex -> motor cortex -> skeletal muscle
B)   corticospinal tract -> thalamus -> sensory cortex -> basal nuclei -> motor cortex -> skeletal muscle
C)   sensory cortex -> basal nuclei -> thalamus -> motor cortex -> corticospinal tract -> skeletal muscle
D)   thalamus -> basal nuclei -> motor cortex -> association cortex -> corticospinal tract -> skeletal muscleE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

The spinal cord contains local circuit neurons that play a key role in generating rhythmic behaviors like walking and running. What are these groups of neurons called?

Accepted Answer

A)   central pattern generators
B)   gamma motor neurons
C)   intersegmental neurons
D)   intrinsic neuronsE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Which neuronal circuits issue commands about error reduction during movements?

Accepted Answer

A)   basal nuclei
B)   cerebellum
C)   local circuit neurons
D)   lower motor neuronsE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Alexi was in a car accident. After the accident, Alexi has difficulty maintaining posture as he walks. Which motor pathway do you suspect was injured?

Accepted Answer

A)   corticobulbar
B)   reticulospinal
C)   rubrospinal
D)   tectospinal
E)   vestibulospinalF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

What is the correct order for how information would travel to allow someone to start running?

Accepted Answer

A)   basal nuclei -> corticobulbar pathway -> primary motor cortex
B)   premotor cortex -> primary motor cortex -> corticobulbar pathway
C)   premotor cortex -> primary motor cortex -> corticospinal pathways
D)   primary motor cortex -> premotor cortex -> corticobulbar pathwayE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

When a person is standing with their elbow bent, and someone grabs their arm and yanks, the biceps will contract and the triceps relax in order to produce a reflexive pull back against the movement. How is this muscle control achieved?

Accepted Answer

A)   spinal interneurons release excitatory neurotransmitters on the motor neurons of effector muscles
B)   sensory neurons release excitatory neurotransmitters on the motor neurons of effector muscles
C)   sensory neurons release inhibitory neurotransmitters on the motor neurons of antagonist muscles
D)   All of the choices are correct.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

For a group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve, the tendon reflexes are absent but voluntary movements are preserved, although they may not be functioning perfectly. What can you deduce about the possible neuronal circuits/structures that are damaged?

Accepted Answer

A)   upper motor neurons are damaged but lower motor neurons are not
B)   lower motor neurons are functioning correctly but local interneurons are damaged
C)   lower motor neurons are damaged and basal nuclei are not
D)   upper motor neurons are functioning correctly but lower motor neurons are damagedE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

A person has a complete inability to voluntarily move the muscles on the left side of their face, but the right side is normal or close to normal. In what area might be the damage leading to these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)   left facial nerve
B)   right facial nerve
C)   left motor cortex
D)   right motor cortex
E)   either right facial nerve or right motor cortexF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 15

Damage to the midbrain could affect all motor components of brain stem, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   red nucleus
B)   reticular formation
C)   superior colliculus
D)   vestibular nucleiE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 16

If a researcher implanted electrodes into the basal ganglia, and continuously stimulated the neurons that project to the thalamus, what would be the effect on the behavior of the subject?

Accepted Answer

A)   continuous spastic movements
B)   voluntary movements would fail to initiate
C)   complete paralysis
D)   no effectE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Which somatic reflex has a monosynaptic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)   crossed extensor
B)   stretch
C)   tendon
D)   withdrawal
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 18

Most of the corticospinal axons decussate in the medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The premotor cortex sends a motor plan to the ______ for execution.

Accepted Answer

A)   spinal cord
B)   corticospinal tracts
C)   prefrontal cortex
D)   primary motor cortexE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Which of the following types of neuron would NEVER be part of a somatic reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A)   local circuit neuron
B)   lower motor neuron
C)   sensory neuron
D)   upper motor neuronE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 12: Control of Body Movement

A person has a complete inability to voluntarily move the muscles on the left side of their face, but the right side is normal or close to normal. In what area might be the damage leading to these symptoms?

Correct Answer
verified

Adela is walking barefoot in her driveway and steps on a sharp rock. She exclaims in pain and lifts her foot away from the rock. Which somatic reflex is involved in this movement?

Correct Answer
verified

The spinal cord contains local circuit neurons that play a key role in generating rhythmic behaviors like walking and running. What are these groups of neurons called?

Correct Answer
verified

Which neuronal circuits issue commands about error reduction during movements?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following types of neuron is NOT involved or necessary in execution of a somatic reflex?

Correct Answer
verified

Damage to the midbrain could affect all motor components of brain stem, EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Which part of the brain most directly controls the execution of a movement?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following types of neuron would NEVER be part of a somatic reflex arc?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a function the basal nuclei play in controlling body movements?

Correct Answer
verified

Alexi was in a car accident. After the accident, Alexi has difficulty maintaining posture as he walks. Which motor pathway do you suspect was injured?

Correct Answer
verified

If a researcher implanted electrodes into the basal ganglia, and continuously stimulated the neurons that project to the thalamus, what would be the effect on the behavior of the subject?

Correct Answer
verified

Which somatic reflex has a monosynaptic pathway?

Correct Answer
verified

The main function of muscle spindles is to sense

Correct Answer
verified

What is the correct order for how information would travel to cause someone to start walking?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

When a person is standing with their elbow bent, and someone grabs their arm and yanks, the biceps will contract and the triceps relax in order to produce a reflexive pull back against the movement. How is this muscle control achieved?

Correct Answer
verified

The premotor cortex sends a motor plan to the ______ for execution.

Correct Answer
verified

For a group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve, the tendon reflexes are absent but voluntary movements are preserved, although they may not be functioning perfectly. What can you deduce about the possible neuronal circuits/structures that are damaged?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the correct order for how information would travel to allow someone to start running?

Correct Answer
verified

Most of the corticospinal axons decussate in the medulla.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: Control of Body Movement

A person has a complete inability to voluntarily move the muscles on the left side of their face, but the right side is normal or close to normal. In what area might be the damage leading to these symptoms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adela is walking barefoot in her driveway and steps on a sharp rock. She exclaims in pain and lifts her foot away from the rock. Which somatic reflex is involved in this movement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The spinal cord contains local circuit neurons that play a key role in generating rhythmic behaviors like walking and running. What are these groups of neurons called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which neuronal circuits issue commands about error reduction during movements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following types of neuron is NOT involved or necessary in execution of a somatic reflex?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Damage to the midbrain could affect all motor components of brain stem, EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which part of the brain most directly controls the execution of a movement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following types of neuron would NEVER be part of a somatic reflex arc?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a function the basal nuclei play in controlling body movements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alexi was in a car accident. After the accident, Alexi has difficulty maintaining posture as he walks. Which motor pathway do you suspect was injured?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a researcher implanted electrodes into the basal ganglia, and continuously stimulated the neurons that project to the thalamus, what would be the effect on the behavior of the subject?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which somatic reflex has a monosynaptic pathway?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main function of muscle spindles is to sense

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the correct order for how information would travel to cause someone to start walking?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a person is standing with their elbow bent, and someone grabs their arm and yanks, the biceps will contract and the triceps relax in order to produce a reflexive pull back against the movement. How is this muscle control achieved?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The premotor cortex sends a motor plan to the ______ for execution.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For a group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve, the tendon reflexes are absent but voluntary movements are preserved, although they may not be functioning perfectly. What can you deduce about the possible neuronal circuits/structures that are damaged?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the correct order for how information would travel to allow someone to start running?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the corticospinal axons decussate in the medulla.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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