Question 1

Why was a knowledge of the stars so important to Polynesians?

Accepted Answer

The Polynesian people live on a group of...

Question 2

The Jewish calendar is kept roughly synchronized with a solar calendar by

Accepted Answer

A)   adding a thirteenth lunar month to 7 out of every 19 years.
B)   having a thirteenth month with 5 days each year.
C)   skipping a month every 7 out of 19 years.
D)   having the first lunar month begin on the spring equinox.
E)   having the first lunar month begin on the summer solstice.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Astronomy and astrology were often practiced together in ancient cultures, and astrology played an important role in the historical development of astronomy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

When did humans first learn that Earth is not the center of the universe?

Accepted Answer

A)   within the past 500 years
B)   about 2000 years ago
C)   around the time that early humans acquired language
D)   We haven't; there is still considerable scientific debate about whether Earth is the center of the universe.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

The path that led to modern science emerged from ancient civilizations in which part of the world?

Accepted Answer

A)   Central and South America
B)   the Mediterranean and the Middle East
C)   North America
D)   China
E)   Southern AsiaF) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 6

Galileo challenged the idea that objects in the heavens were perfect by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   showing that heavy objects fall at the same rate as lighter objects
B)   observing sunspots on the Sun and mountains on the Moon
C)   proving Kepler's laws were correct
D)   inventing the telescopeE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Galileo found "imperfections" on the Sun in the form of sunspots and "imperfections" on the Moon in the form of mountains and valleys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Science can say nothing about the validity of nonscientific practices that do not make testable predictions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What was the Ptolemaic model?

Accepted Answer

A)   An Earth-centered model of planetary motion published by Ptolemy
B)   The Earth-centered model of the cosmos in which the Earth was surrounded by seven perfect spheres, one each for the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn
C)   The first scientific model to successfully predict solar and lunar eclipses
D)   A Sun-centered model of planetary motion published by PtolemyE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

He discovered what we now call Newton's first law of motion.

Accepted Answer

A)   Tycho Brahe
B)   Copernicus
C)   Kepler
D)   Galileo
E)   PtolemyF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 11

Describe one major accomplishment for each of the following people: Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo.

Accepted Answer

Many possible answers. E.g., C...

Question 12

A scientific model must make an observational prediction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Identify the falsiﬁable statement below:

Accepted Answer

A)   The universe was created by God.
B)   The Sun is at the center of the solar system.
C)   The laws of nature are magniﬁcent and beautiful.
D)   President Kennedy's murder was orchestrated by an undetectable shadow government of the United States.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

The names of the seven days of the week are derived from the names of the members of the solar system that are visible to the naked eye.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following was not observed by Galileo?

Accepted Answer

A)   Stellar parallax
B)   Mountains and valleys on the Moon
C)   Four moons orbiting Jupiter
D)   Phases of VenusE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following statements about scientific theories is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)   A theory cannot be taken seriously by scientists if it contradicts other theories developed by scientists over the past several hundred years.
B)   A theory is a model designed to explain a number of observed facts.
C)   If even a single new fact is discovered that contradicts what we expect according to a particular theory, then the theory must be revised or discarded.
D)   A theory must make predictions that can be checked by observation or experiment.
E)   A theory can never be proved beyond all doubt; we can only hope to collect more and more evidence that might support it.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Occam's Razor: A hallmark of science is the rejection of supernatural causes to explain natural phenomena. Try to justify this position as another way of including Occam's Razor into the process of science.

Accepted Answer

Occam's Razor, a principle attributed to...

Question 18

Describe what a scientific test of astrology would involve.

Accepted Answer

First of all, science can only test the ...

Question 19

How did the Ptolemaic model explain the apparent retrograde motion of the planets?

Accepted Answer

A)   The planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around the Earth.
B)   The planets sometimes stopped moving and then reversed to move backward along their circular orbits.
C)   The model showed that apparent retrograde motion occurs as Earth passes by another planet in its orbit of the Sun.
D)   The planets resided on giant spheres that sometimes turned clockwise and sometimes turned counterclockwise.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Columbus was the first person to discover that Earth is round.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: The Science of Astronomy

How did the Ptolemaic model explain the apparent retrograde motion of the planets?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The names of the seven days of the week are derived from the names of the members of the solar system that are visible to the naked eye.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe one major accomplishment for each of the following people: Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo.

Correct AnswerverifiedMany possible answers. E.g., C...View AnswerShow Answer

Why was a knowledge of the stars so important to Polynesians?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe Polynesian people live on a group of...View AnswerShow Answer

Astronomy and astrology were often practiced together in ancient cultures, and astrology played an important role in the historical development of astronomy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Columbus was the first person to discover that Earth is round.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the falsiﬁable statement below:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Science can say nothing about the validity of nonscientific practices that do not make testable predictions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was not observed by Galileo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Occam's Razor: A hallmark of science is the rejection of supernatural causes to explain natural phenomena. Try to justify this position as another way of including Occam's Razor into the process of science.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIOccam's Razor, a principle attributed to...View AnswerShow Answer

When did humans first learn that Earth is not the center of the universe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Jewish calendar is kept roughly synchronized with a solar calendar by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Galileo challenged the idea that objects in the heavens were perfect by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the Ptolemaic model?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe what a scientific test of astrology would involve.

Correct AnswerverifiedFirst of all, science can only test the ...View AnswerShow Answer

The path that led to modern science emerged from ancient civilizations in which part of the world?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A scientific model must make an observational prediction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

He discovered what we now call Newton's first law of motion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Galileo found "imperfections" on the Sun in the form of sunspots and "imperfections" on the Moon in the form of mountains and valleys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about scientific theories is not true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Many possible answers. E.g., C...
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The Polynesian people live on a group of...
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Occam's Razor, a principle attributed to...
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First of all, science can only test the ...
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