Question 1

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the role of NMDA receptors in mediating LTP in the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  NMDA receptors are critical to inducing LTP but not to maintaining LTP.
B)  NMDA receptors block LTP in the brain unless magnesium ions are present.
C)  NMDA receptors are depolarized by the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
D)  NMDA receptors create LTP by transporting magnesium ions from outside the cell into the cell.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D) A

Question 2

Which brain structure is located in the medial temporal lobe and is of particular importance in the formation of new long-term memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hypothalamus
B)  The colliculus
C)  The hippocampus
D)  The caudateE) A) and B)
F) None of the above C

Question 3

One major difference between the visual icon and the auditory echo is that the

Accepted Answer

A)  visual icon is a sensory memory representation,whereas the auditory echo is a short-term memory representation.
B)  auditory echo lasts longer than the visual icon.
C)  visual icon is a type of explicit memory,but the auditory echo is a type of implicit memory.
D)  auditory echo involves conscious recollection,whereas the visual icon does not.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

In the Atkinson and Shiffrin modal model,information can be lost by both decay and interference at each stage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Research using the mismatch field (MMF) ,which is the magnetic equivalent of the mismatch negativity (MMN) ,has suggested that auditory sensory memory has a duration of about

Accepted Answer

A)  10 milliseconds.
B)  100 milliseconds.
C)  1 second.
D)  10 seconds.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

After a brain injury,a person is found to have isolated retrograde amnesia.Which of the following brain regions is probably damaged?

Accepted Answer

A)  The medial temporal lobes
B)  The anterior temporal lobes
C)  The superior parietal lobes
D)  The dorsolateral frontal lobesE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Korsakoff's syndrome is associated with alcoholism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Of the following choices,damage to the ________ is most likely to result in impairment to the visuospatial sketch pad,or visual working memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  parietal-occipital cortex
B)  medial temporal lobe
C)  hippocampus
D)  perisylvian regionE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Recent neuroimaging and neuropsychological work in memory has attempted to disentangle ________,which seems to implicate the hippocampus and the posterior parahippocampal cortex,from ________,which seems to implicate the entorhinal cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition / consolidation
B)  consolidation / acquisition
C)  recollection / familiarity
D)  familiarity / recollectionE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Neuroimaging studies of the left and right hemispheres in memory function indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)  memory structures in the brain are similar in function in the left and right hemispheres.
B)  encoding and retrieval processes in long-term memory may be lateralized to different hemispheres.
C)  implicit memory function is localized primarily to the left hemisphere,whereas explicit memory is localized to the right hemisphere.
D)  working memory information is processed primarily in the left hemisphere.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Scott Grafton and colleagues (1995) discovered that implicit versus explicit learning of a motor sequence produced differing patterns of brain activation.The overall conclusion reached in this study was that

Accepted Answer

A)  it is easier for participants to learn a motor task implicitly than to learn the task explicitly.
B)  differences in brain activation patterns were all due to the effect of practice,such that participants who received more practice on the motor task produced less overall brain activation.
C)  participants who were aware of the sequence showed subcortical activity when performing the task,whereas participants who were unaware of the sequence showed only cortical activity when performing the task.
D)  separate brain systems appear to be involved in the regulation of explicitly learned versus implicitly learned motor skills.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Most forms of classical conditioning can be considered declarative memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The component that is responsible for acoustically coding information in working memory is the

Accepted Answer

A)  visuospatial sketchpad.
B)  central executive.
C)  phonological loop.
D)  subvocal loop.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Implicit memory is to ________ as explicit memory is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  priming / episodic memory
B)  conditioning / priming
C)  episodic memory / semantic memory
D)  procedural learning / nondeclarative learningE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Your textbook describes several different proposed distinctions in memory,including short-term and long-term,declarative and nondeclarative,and episodic and semantic.How do these different terms interrelate? What evidence supports these distinctions?

Accepted Answer

The different distinctions in memory int...

Question 16

The encoding of information to be stored involves two stages: ________,in which inputs in sensory buffers and sensory analysis stages are registered,and then ________,in which a stronger representation for storage is created.

Accepted Answer

A)  consolidation / storage
B)  storage / retrieval
C)  retrieval / acquisition
D)  acquisition / consolidationE) B) and D)
F) All of the above D

Question 17

Following a case of encephalitis,a person has developed lesions in his anterior temporal lobes,but his medial temporal structures are intact.Which of the following is most likely to be true of this person?

Accepted Answer

A)  The person has isolated anterograde amnesia.
B)  The person has isolated retrograde amnesia.
C)  The person has Korsakoff's syndrome.
D)  The person has a specific deficit of implicit memory.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 18

The memory performance of Patients K.F.and E.E. ,when compared to the memory performance of people with amnesia,such as Patient H.M,demonstrates a double dissociation between two types of memory.Which of the following statements best describes these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  H.M.has a deficit limited to explicit memory,whereas K.F.and E.E.have deficits limited to implicit memory.
B)  H.M.has a deficit limited to long-term memory,whereas K.F.and E.E.have deficits limited to short-term memory.
C)  H.M.has anterograde amnesia,whereas K.F.and E.E.have retrograde amnesia.
D)  H.M.has an injury to the medial temporal lobes,whereas K.F.and E.E.have injuries to the lateral temporal lobes.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Organizing individual bits of information into higher-order units can increase the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory.This strategy is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the recency effect.
B)  encoding.
C)  the serial position effect.
D)  chunking.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Patient H.M.had severe retrograde amnesia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Learning and Memory

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the role of NMDA receptors in mediating LTP in the brain?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which brain structure is located in the medial temporal lobe and is of particular importance in the formation of new long-term memories?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

One major difference between the visual icon and the auditory echo is that the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Atkinson and Shiffrin modal model,information can be lost by both decay and interference at each stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research using the mismatch field (MMF) ,which is the magnetic equivalent of the mismatch negativity (MMN) ,has suggested that auditory sensory memory has a duration of about

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After a brain injury,a person is found to have isolated retrograde amnesia.Which of the following brain regions is probably damaged?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Korsakoff's syndrome is associated with alcoholism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following choices,damage to the ________ is most likely to result in impairment to the visuospatial sketch pad,or visual working memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent neuroimaging and neuropsychological work in memory has attempted to disentangle ________,which seems to implicate the hippocampus and the posterior parahippocampal cortex,from ________,which seems to implicate the entorhinal cortex.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neuroimaging studies of the left and right hemispheres in memory function indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scott Grafton and colleagues (1995) discovered that implicit versus explicit learning of a motor sequence produced differing patterns of brain activation.The overall conclusion reached in this study was that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most forms of classical conditioning can be considered declarative memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The component that is responsible for acoustically coding information in working memory is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Implicit memory is to ________ as explicit memory is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your textbook describes several different proposed distinctions in memory,including short-term and long-term,declarative and nondeclarative,and episodic and semantic.How do these different terms interrelate? What evidence supports these distinctions?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe different distinctions in memory int...View AnswerShow Answer

The encoding of information to be stored involves two stages: ________,in which inputs in sensory buffers and sensory analysis stages are registered,and then ________,in which a stronger representation for storage is created.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Following a case of encephalitis,a person has developed lesions in his anterior temporal lobes,but his medial temporal structures are intact.Which of the following is most likely to be true of this person?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The memory performance of Patients K.F.and E.E. ,when compared to the memory performance of people with amnesia,such as Patient H.M,demonstrates a double dissociation between two types of memory.Which of the following statements best describes these results?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organizing individual bits of information into higher-order units can increase the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory.This strategy is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patient H.M.had severe retrograde amnesia.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Recent neuroimaging and neuropsychological work in memory has attempted to disentangle ,which seems to implicate the hippocampus and the posterior parahippocampal cortex,from ,which seems to implicate the entorhinal cortex.

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Implicit memory is to as explicit memory is to .

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The different distinctions in memory int...
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The encoding of information to be stored involves two stages: ,in which inputs in sensory buffers and sensory analysis stages are registered,and then ,in which a stronger representation for storage is created.

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