Question 1

Measurements in a nephron reveal a glomerular hydraulic pressure of 69 mm Hg,and a fluid pressure in the Bowman's capsule of 15 mm Hg.Assuming that the plasma osmotic pressure is 30 mm Hg,and that essentially no plasma proteins are filtered by the glomerulus,what is the net glomerular filtration pressure in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)   -6 mm Hg
B)   24 mm Hg
C)   54 mm Hg
D)   84 mm Hg
E)   114 mm HgF) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

Blood flow through the kidney includes a feature seen in only a few organs.What is it?

Accepted Answer

A)   portal system
B)   arterial shunts
C)   vascular sinuses
D)   veins containing highly oxygenated blood
E)   anastomosesF) A) and C)
G) B) and D) A

Question 3

Urine is produced by the

Accepted Answer

A)   gallbladder.
B)   urinary bladder.
C)   kidney.
D)   ureter.
E)   urethra.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

List and describe the three filtration barriers that substances leaving the plasma must pass through before entering the tubule lumen.

Accepted Answer

1.the glomerular capillary end...

Question 5

A person with cirrhosis of the liver has lower than normal levels of plasma proteins and a higher than normal GFR.Explain why a decrease in plasma protein concentration would cause an increase in GFR.

Accepted Answer

The primary driving force for GFR is blood pressure,opposed by fluid pressure in Bowman's capsule and osmotic pressure due to plasma proteins.If a person has fewer plasma proteins due to liver disease,the plasma will have a lower osmotic pressure.With less osmotic pressure opposing the GFR,GFR will increase.

Question 6

Match each substance with its primary mode of transport across the kidney epithelium.
-glucose

Accepted Answer

A)  transcytosis
B)  active transport
C)  symport with a cation
D)  passive reabsorption/diffusionE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus make up the

Accepted Answer

A)   renal pyramid.
B)   loop of Henle.
C)   renal corpuscle.
D)   renal papilla.
E)   collecting system.F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 8

Which statement is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   The blood supply to the kidneys comes through the renal arteries.
B)   As much as one fourth of the cardiac output may flow to the kidneys at any given moment.
C)   The kidneys do not reabsorb filtered waste products.
D)   The urinary bladder is filled by two ducts, called ureters, and emptied by the single urethra.
E)   Women are more likely to develop urinary tract infections than men.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

The hairpin-shaped segment of the nephron is the

Accepted Answer

A)   loop of Henle.
B)   proximal tubule.
C)   distal tubule.
D)   vasa recta.
E)   minor calyx.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by

Accepted Answer

A)   diffusion.
B)   symport with sodium.
C)   cotransport.
D)   countertransport.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

One substance has no membrane transporters to move it but can diffuse freely through open leak channels if there is a concentration gradient.Initially,this substance's concentrations in the filtrate and extracellular fluid are equal.Later,however,the active transport of Na+ and other solutes creates a gradient by removing water from the lumen of the tubule where it is located.What substance is this?

Accepted Answer

A)   glucose
B)   calcium
C)   urea
D)   glucose and calcium
E)   glucose, calcium, and ureaF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Trace a drop of water through the urinary system,beginning with the plasma in the renal artery.

Accepted Answer

Plasma in the renal artery flows into sm...

Question 13

Neural control of GFR is mediated by ________ that innervate ________ receptors on vascular smooth muscle causing ________.

Accepted Answer

sympatheti...

Question 14

The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the

Accepted Answer

A)   loop of Henle.
B)   proximal tubule.
C)   distal tubule.
D)   collecting duct.
E)   minor calyx.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 15

When the plasma concentration of a substance exceeds its renal concentration,more of the substance will be

Accepted Answer

A)   filtered.
B)   reabsorbed.
C)   secreted.
D)   excreted.
E)   None of the answers are correct.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 16

The amount of filtrate entering the proximal tubules of the kidneys each minute is the ________.

Accepted Answer

GFR or glo...

Question 17

Match each step in urine formation to its description.
-movement from the glomerulus to the nephron lumen

Accepted Answer

A)  excretion
B)  filtration
C)  reabsorption
D)  secretionE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

The excretion of glucose in the urine is called ________.

Accepted Answer

glucosuria...

Question 19

The percentage of total plasma volume that filters is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

filtration fraction

Question 20

If blood flow through the afferent arterioles increases,

Accepted Answer

A)   stretch reflexes trigger vasoconstriction to reduce the flow.
B)   the smooth muscle in the vessel walls stretches to accommodate the increased flow.
C)   the stretch triggers further relaxation of the arteriolar wall, lessening blood pressure.
D)   the smooth muscle in the vessel walls stretches to accommodate the increased flow and the stretch triggers further relaxation of the arteriolar wall, lessening blood pressure.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 19: The Kidneys

Correct Answer
verified

Blood flow through the kidney includes a feature seen in only a few organs.What is it?

Correct Answer
verified
A

Urine is produced by the

Correct Answer
verified

List and describe the three filtration barriers that substances leaving the plasma must pass through before entering the tubule lumen.

Correct Answer
verified
1.the glomerular capillary end...
View Answer

A person with cirrhosis of the liver has lower than normal levels of plasma proteins and a higher than normal GFR.Explain why a decrease in plasma protein concentration would cause an increase in GFR.

Match each substance with its primary mode of transport across the kidney epithelium. -glucose

Correct Answer
verified

The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus make up the

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is NOT true?

Correct Answer
verified

The hairpin-shaped segment of the nephron is the

Correct Answer
verified

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Trace a drop of water through the urinary system,beginning with the plasma in the renal artery.

Correct Answer
verified
Plasma in the renal artery flows into sm...
View Answer

Neural control of GFR is mediated by that innervate receptors on vascular smooth muscle causing .

Correct Answer
verified
sympatheti...
View Answer

The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the

Correct Answer
verified

When the plasma concentration of a substance exceeds its renal concentration,more of the substance will be

Correct Answer
verified

The amount of filtrate entering the proximal tubules of the kidneys each minute is the ________.

Correct Answer
verified
GFR or glo...
View Answer

Match each step in urine formation to its description. -movement from the glomerulus to the nephron lumen

Correct Answer
verified

The excretion of glucose in the urine is called ________.

Correct Answer
verified
glucosuria...
View Answer

The percentage of total plasma volume that filters is called the ________.

Correct Answer
verified
filtration fraction

If blood flow through the afferent arterioles increases,

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 19: The Kidneys

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood flow through the kidney includes a feature seen in only a few organs.What is it?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Urine is produced by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List and describe the three filtration barriers that substances leaving the plasma must pass through before entering the tubule lumen.

Correct Answerverified1.the glomerular capillary end...View AnswerShow Answer

A person with cirrhosis of the liver has lower than normal levels of plasma proteins and a higher than normal GFR.Explain why a decrease in plasma protein concentration would cause an increase in GFR.

Match each substance with its primary mode of transport across the kidney epithelium. -glucose

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus make up the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hairpin-shaped segment of the nephron is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trace a drop of water through the urinary system,beginning with the plasma in the renal artery.

Correct AnswerverifiedPlasma in the renal artery flows into sm...View AnswerShow Answer

Neural control of GFR is mediated by ________ that innervate ________ receptors on vascular smooth muscle causing ________.

Correct Answerverifiedsympatheti...View AnswerShow Answer

The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the plasma concentration of a substance exceeds its renal concentration,more of the substance will be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The amount of filtrate entering the proximal tubules of the kidneys each minute is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedGFR or glo...View AnswerShow Answer

Match each step in urine formation to its description. -movement from the glomerulus to the nephron lumen

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The excretion of glucose in the urine is called ________.

Correct Answerverifiedglucosuria...View AnswerShow Answer

The percentage of total plasma volume that filters is called the ________.

Correct Answerverifiedfiltration fraction

If blood flow through the afferent arterioles increases,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
1.the glomerular capillary end...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Plasma in the renal artery flows into sm...
View Answer

Neural control of GFR is mediated by that innervate receptors on vascular smooth muscle causing .

Correct Answer
verified
sympatheti...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
GFR or glo...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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glucosuria...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
filtration fraction

Correct Answer
verified