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Among evolutionary biologists,the idea of sympatric speciation can be controversial.

A) True
B) False

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In systematics,a group of organisms consisting of a common ancestor and some,but not all,of its descendents is defined as a


A) None of the answer choices are correct.
B) paraphyletic group.
C) clade.
D) cladogram.
E) polyphyletic group.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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A biology student has captured,measured,and released many ground squirrels from an upland,rocky,wooded area,and many similar ground squirrels from a shrub area in soft soil near a stream.She is measuring skull dimensions,leg and claw lengths and shapes,and other traits of the ground squirrels from each collection area hoping to determine if the two populations are different species.She is involved in


A) All of the answer choices are correct.
B) speciation.
C) phylogenetics.
D) taxonomy.
E) genetics and inheritance.

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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Figuer: Figuer:   -Given the data of pollinator responses to the hybrid colors of monkeyflowers,which of the following is the most likely result,if researchers accidentally allowed M.cardinalis hybrids (or real mutants of the YUP gene) to be transplanted in the wild,in the same areas as M.lewisii and M.cardinalis are found. A)  Conservation biologists would see no changes in the M. cardinalis or M. lewisii natural populations. B)  Wild bumblebees may pollinate the hybrids (or mutants)  M. cardinalis nearly as much as they do M. lewisii. C)  All of these answer options are as likely as the next, affecting the sympatric populations of Mimulus species. D)  Hummingbirds would begin selecting more often for pollination of the hybrid (or mutant)  colored M. cardinalis. E)  Wild hummingbirds may be out-competed for the successful pollination of the M. cardinalis hybrids (or mutants) . -Given the data of pollinator responses to the hybrid colors of monkeyflowers,which of the following is the most likely result,if researchers accidentally allowed M.cardinalis hybrids (or real mutants of the YUP gene) to be transplanted in the wild,in the same areas as M.lewisii and M.cardinalis are found.


A) Conservation biologists would see no changes in the M. cardinalis or M. lewisii natural populations.
B) Wild bumblebees may pollinate the hybrids (or mutants) M. cardinalis nearly as much as they do M. lewisii.
C) All of these answer options are as likely as the next, affecting the sympatric populations of Mimulus species.
D) Hummingbirds would begin selecting more often for pollination of the hybrid (or mutant) colored M. cardinalis.
E) Wild hummingbirds may be out-competed for the successful pollination of the M. cardinalis hybrids (or mutants) .

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The spatial arrangements that may help cause speciation are


A) allopatric, allopathic, and allelopathy.
B) sympatric, parapatric, and allopatric.
C) sympathetic, symphonic, and sympatric.
D) paraplegic, parapatric, and paralegal.
E) allopathic, paraplegic, and sympathetic.

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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